Research areas

My research develops mathematical programming formulations and algorithms for discrete, convex, and nonconvex optimization, with a particular emphasis on global optimization. The data available for a decision problem shape how I approach it. When data are plentiful, as in parametric problems solved repeatedly with changing inputs, I use machine learning to accelerate rigorous optimization while preserving its guarantees. When observations or operating conditions are uncertain, I use stochastic, robust, and adversarial models. This methodological core connects three application areas: power systems, networks and control, and quantum computing.

Across these areas, I focus on formulations and algorithms that retain physical fidelity and mathematical guarantees while remaining practical on realistic systems, especially critical infrastructure, where closely related problems must be re-solved as loads, forecasts, contingencies, and operating conditions change. I release these methods as open-source software so that others can use and build on them. In the diagram, each overlap marks where a methods contribution meets an application question.

Publication map across four connected research pillars Four overlapping research fields contain clickable dots representing publications.
Select a dot, then its card, to read the paper.

Area 1 of 6

Optimization & Machine Learning

Global Optimization

Global optimization provides the methodological core for solving difficult nonconvex and mixed-integer nonlinear models with rigorous bounds. This work develops adaptive partitioning, strong convex relaxations, and polyhedral and convex-hull formulations that focus computational effort where it most improves the global bound. The resulting algorithms support applications such as AC optimal power flow and transmission switching.

Selected publications

  1. C. Guo, H. Nagarajan, M. Bodur
    INFORMS Journal on Computing, 2026
    IJOC Featured Article
  2. K. Sundar, H. Nagarajan, J. Linderoth, S. Wang, R.W. Bent
    Operations Research Letters, 2021
  3. H. Nagarajan, M. Lu, S. Wang, R.W. Bent, K. Sundar
    Journal of Global Optimization, 2019
  4. M. Lu, H. Nagarajan, R.W. Bent, S.D. Eksioglu, S.J. Mason
    Power Systems Computation Conference (PSCC), Dublin, Ireland, 2018
  5. H. Nagarajan, M. Lu, E. Yamangil, R.W. Bent
    Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming (CP), Toulouse, France, 2016
View all 19 publications in this track newest first
  1. C. Guo, H. Nagarajan, M. Bodur
    INFORMS Journal on Computing, 2026
    IJOC Featured Article
  2. GRIP: Reinforcement Learning-guided Iterative Partitioning for Global Optimization of QCQPs
    A. Castellano, H. Nagarajan
    AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI 2027)
    Submitted
  3. LAP: Learning-Augmented Partitioning for Accelerating Global Optimization of Nonconvex QCQPs
    D. Meng, H. Nagarajan, M. Tanneau, R.W. Bent, P. Van Hentenryck
    AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI 2027)
    Submitted
  4. R. Kannan, H. Nagarajan, D. Deka
    INFORMS Journal on Computing, 2025
  5. F. Cengil, H. Nagarajan, R.W. Bent, S.D. Eksioglu, B. Eksioglu
    Computational Optimization and Applications, 2025
  6. K. Sundar, H. Nagarajan, S. Misra, M. Lu, C. Coffrin, R.W. Bent
    62nd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC), Singapore, 2023
  7. F. Cengil, H. Nagarajan, R.W. Bent, S.D. Eksioglu, B. Eksioglu
    Electric Power Systems Research, 2022
    Presented at the 2022 Power Systems Computation Conference (PSCC), Porto, Portugal
  8. K. Sundar, S. Sanjeevi, H. Nagarajan
    Optimization and Engineering, 2021
  9. K. Sundar, H. Nagarajan, J. Linderoth, S. Wang, R.W. Bent
    Operations Research Letters, 2021
  10. S. Gopinath, H.L. Hijazi, T. Weisser, H. Nagarajan, M. Yetkin, K. Sundar, R.W. Bent
    Power Systems Computation Conference (PSCC), Virtual, 2020
  11. M. Garcia, H. Nagarajan, R. Baldick
    IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems, 2020
  12. H. Nagarajan, M. Lu, S. Wang, R.W. Bent, K. Sundar
    Journal of Global Optimization, 2019
  13. M.R. Narimani, D.K. Molzahn, H. Nagarajan, M.L. Crow
    IEEE Global Conference on Signal and Information Processing (GlobalSIP), Anaheim, CA, 2018
  14. H. Nagarajan, K. Sundar, H.L. Hijazi, R.W. Bent
    XIV International Global Optimization Workshop (LeGO), Leiden, Netherlands, 2018
  15. O. Kröger, C. Coffrin, H.L. Hijazi, H. Nagarajan
    International Conference on the Integration of Constraint Programming, Artificial Intelligence, and Operations Research (CPAIOR), Delft, Netherlands, 2018
  16. M. Lu, H. Nagarajan, R.W. Bent, S.D. Eksioglu, S.J. Mason
    Power Systems Computation Conference (PSCC), Dublin, Ireland, 2018
  17. F. Wu, H. Nagarajan, A.V. Zlotnik, R. Sioshansi
    American Control Conference (ACC), Seattle, WA, 2017
  18. H. Nagarajan, M. Lu, E. Yamangil, R.W. Bent
    Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming (CP), Toulouse, France, 2016

Learning-Accelerated Optimization

Many optimization problems are solved repeatedly as loads, forecasts, and other parameters change. This creates data that can be used to learn better search, partitioning, and bound-tightening strategies while mathematical optimization retains valid bounds and optimality guarantees. The work includes learning- augmented and reinforcement-learning-guided partitioning, accelerated tightening of AC optimal power flow relaxations, neural approximations for bilevel adversarial problems, and statistical models of electricity demand. These methods are developed alongside open-source optimization software, including Alpine.jl.

Selected publications

  1. GRIP: Reinforcement Learning-guided Iterative Partitioning for Global Optimization of QCQPs
    A. Castellano, H. Nagarajan
    AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI 2027)
    Submitted
  2. LAP: Learning-Augmented Partitioning for Accelerating Global Optimization of Nonconvex QCQPs
    D. Meng, H. Nagarajan, M. Tanneau, R.W. Bent, P. Van Hentenryck
    AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI 2027)
    Submitted
  3. R. Kannan, H. Nagarajan, D. Deka
    INFORMS Journal on Computing, 2025
  4. F. Cengil, H. Nagarajan, R.W. Bent, S.D. Eksioglu, B. Eksioglu
    Computational Optimization and Applications, 2025
  5. F. Cengil, H. Nagarajan, R.W. Bent, S.D. Eksioglu, B. Eksioglu
    Electric Power Systems Research, 2022
    Presented at the 2022 Power Systems Computation Conference (PSCC), Porto, Portugal
View all 10 publications in this track newest first
  1. R. Dube, N. Gautam, A. Banerjee, H. Nagarajan
    Energy and Buildings, 2026
  2. GRIP: Reinforcement Learning-guided Iterative Partitioning for Global Optimization of QCQPs
    A. Castellano, H. Nagarajan
    AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI 2027)
    Submitted
  3. LAP: Learning-Augmented Partitioning for Accelerating Global Optimization of Nonconvex QCQPs
    D. Meng, H. Nagarajan, M. Tanneau, R.W. Bent, P. Van Hentenryck
    AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI 2027)
    Submitted
  4. S. Shivakumar, T.J. Summers, L.J. Augustine, M.G. Taylor, J. Lee, R. Somasundaram, S.R. Kazi, H. Nagarajan, N.W. Lemons, P. Yang, D. Perez, R.W. Bent
    2nd Workshop on Simulations for Biology and Chemistry, NeurIPS 2026, 2026
  5. Y.h. Cho, H. Nagarajan, D. Deka, H. Zhu
    IEEE Transactions on Power Systems
    Under review since December 2025
  6. R. Dube, N. Gautam, A. Banerjee, H. Nagarajan
    Technical report, 2025
  7. R. Kannan, H. Nagarajan, D. Deka
    INFORMS Journal on Computing, 2025
  8. F. Cengil, H. Nagarajan, R.W. Bent, S.D. Eksioglu, B. Eksioglu
    Computational Optimization and Applications, 2025
  9. M.J. Grosskopf, N. Debardeleben, R.W. Bent, R. Somasundaram, I. Michaud, A. Lui, W.D. Graham, G.A. Wimmer, S. Shivakumar, J. Vendrell Gallart, H. Nagarajan, E. Lawrence
    Journal of Open Source Software
    Under review since September 2026
  10. F. Cengil, H. Nagarajan, R.W. Bent, S.D. Eksioglu, B. Eksioglu
    Electric Power Systems Research, 2022
    Presented at the 2022 Power Systems Computation Conference (PSCC), Porto, Portugal

Area 2 of 6

Power Systems Optimization Under Uncertainty

Grid operating conditions are uncertain: renewables vary, equipment fails, and storms and attacks disrupt the system. To anticipate such conditions, this work develops chance-constrained and decomposition-based stochastic unit commitment and multi-stage stochastic optimal power flow under N-1 outages. To withstand worst-case events, it builds transmission switching and distributionally robust models for geomagnetic disturbances, robust renewable planning, bilevel attacker–defender models, and probabilistic N-k failure identification. Related work addresses electricity pricing, energy-storage arbitrage, and data-driven models of demand.

Selected publications

  1. H. Yang, H. Nagarajan
    Electric Power Systems Research, 2026
    Presented at the 2026 Power Systems Computation Conference (PSCC), Limassol, Cyprus
  2. R. Barrass, H. Nagarajan, M. Tanneau, R.W. Bent, P. Van Hentenryck
    INFORMS Optimization Society Refereed Proceedings (IOS), Atlanta, GA, 2026
    Extended journal version under review at INFORMS Journal on Optimization (since August 2026)
  3. M. Ryu, H. Nagarajan, R.W. Bent
    IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2022
  4. H. Yang, H. Nagarajan
    INFORMS Journal on Computing, 2021
  5. K. Sundar, H. Nagarajan, M. Lubin, L. Roald, S. Misra, R.W. Bent, D. Bienstock
    IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems, 2019
View all 17 publications in this area newest first
  1. H. Moring, B.K. Poolla, H. Nagarajan, J.L. Mathieu, A. Bernstein, D.M. Fobes
    65th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC), Honolulu, HI, 2026
  2. H. Yang, H. Nagarajan
    Electric Power Systems Research, 2026
    Presented at the 2026 Power Systems Computation Conference (PSCC), Limassol, Cyprus
  3. M.U. Hashmi, H. Nagarajan, D. Van Hertem
    Electric Power Systems Research, 2026
    Presented at the 2026 Power Systems Computation Conference (PSCC), Limassol, Cyprus
  4. I. Ullah, K.L. Butler-Purry, H. Nagarajan
    IEEE PES General Meeting, Montreal, Canada, 2026
  5. R. Dube, N. Gautam, A. Banerjee, H. Nagarajan
    Energy and Buildings, 2026
  6. R. Barrass, H. Nagarajan, M. Tanneau, R.W. Bent, P. Van Hentenryck
    INFORMS Optimization Society Refereed Proceedings (IOS), Atlanta, GA, 2026
    Extended journal version under review at INFORMS Journal on Optimization (since August 2026)
  7. R. Dube, N. Gautam, A. Banerjee, H. Nagarajan
    Technical report, 2025
  8. H. Moring, H. Nagarajan, K. Girigoudar, D.M. Fobes, J.L. Mathieu
    Electric Power Systems Research, 2024
    Presented at the 2024 Power Systems Computation Conference (PSCC), Paris-Saclay, France
  9. H. Yang, H. Nagarajan
    Electric Power Systems Research, 2022
    Presented at the 2022 Power Systems Computation Conference (PSCC), Porto, Portugal
  10. M. Ryu, H. Nagarajan, R.W. Bent
    IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2022
  11. H. Yang, H. Nagarajan
    INFORMS Journal on Computing, 2021
  12. H. Yang, H. Nagarajan
    Power Systems Computation Conference (PSCC), Virtual, 2020
  13. M. Ryu, H. Nagarajan, R.W. Bent
    Power Systems Computation Conference (PSCC), Virtual, 2020
  14. K. Sundar, H. Nagarajan, M. Lubin, L. Roald, S. Misra, R.W. Bent, D. Bienstock
    IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems, 2019
  15. K. Sundar, C. Coffrin, H. Nagarajan, R.W. Bent
    Networks, 2018
  16. M. Lu, H. Nagarajan, E. Yamangil, R.W. Bent, S. Backhaus
    IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2017
  17. K. Sundar, H. Nagarajan, M. Lubin, L. Roald, S. Misra, R.W. Bent, D. Bienstock
    Power Systems Computation Conference (PSCC), Genoa, Italy, 2016

Area 3 of 6

Resilient Power Transmission & Distribution Grids

Resilience spans both transmission and distribution systems. At the transmission level, this work develops optimization models for resilient grid and topology design, including comparisons of AC relaxations and DC approximations. At the distribution level, it addresses resilient feeder expansion and the design, partitioning, reconfiguration, operation, and black-start restoration of networked microgrids under uncertainty, with the objective of restoring and serving as much critical load as possible. The resulting software received a 2023 R&D 100 Award, was integrated into NRECA’s Open Modeling Framework, and was tested on a realistic Cobb EMC network.

Selected publications

  1. H. Moring, B.K. Poolla, H. Nagarajan, J.L. Mathieu, A. Bernstein, D.M. Fobes
    65th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC), Honolulu, HI, 2026
  2. H. Moring, H. Nagarajan, K. Girigoudar, D.M. Fobes, J.L. Mathieu
    Electric Power Systems Research, 2024
    Presented at the 2024 Power Systems Computation Conference (PSCC), Paris-Saclay, France
  3. D.M. Fobes, H. Nagarajan, R.W. Bent
    IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2022
    2023 R&D 100 Award (PowerModelsONM)
  4. A.K. Barnes, H. Nagarajan, E. Yamangil, R.W. Bent, S. Backhaus
    Electric Power Systems Research, 2019
    Presented at the 2018 Power Systems Computation Conference (PSCC), Dublin, Ireland
View all 18 publications in this area newest first
  1. D.T.A. Nguyen, H. Nagarajan, R. Ferrando, R.W. Bent, D.M. Fobes
    65th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC), Honolulu, HI, 2026
  2. H. Moring, B.K. Poolla, H. Nagarajan, J.L. Mathieu, A. Bernstein, D.M. Fobes
    65th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC), Honolulu, HI, 2026
  3. I. Ullah, K.L. Butler-Purry, H. Nagarajan
    IEEE PES General Meeting, Montreal, Canada, 2026
  4. D.M. Fobes, H. Nagarajan, M. Garcia, R. Ferrando, R.W. Bent
    Technical report, 2026
  5. I. Ullah, K.L. Butler-Purry, R.W. Bent, H. Nagarajan, A.K. Barnes
    IEEE Texas Power and Energy Conference (TPEC), 2026
  6. Y.h. Cho, H. Nagarajan, D. Deka, H. Zhu
    IEEE Transactions on Power Systems
    Under review since December 2025
  7. I. Ullah, K.L. Butler-Purry, R.W. Bent, H. Nagarajan, A.K. Barnes
    57th North American Power Symposium (NAPS), Hartford, CT, 2025
  8. I. Ullah, K.L. Butler-Purry, R.W. Bent, H. Nagarajan, A.K. Barnes
    IEEE Texas Power and Energy Conference (TPEC), 2025
  9. H. Moring, H. Nagarajan, K. Girigoudar, D.M. Fobes, J.L. Mathieu
    Electric Power Systems Research, 2024
    Presented at the 2024 Power Systems Computation Conference (PSCC), Paris-Saclay, France
  10. D.M. Fobes, H. Nagarajan, R.W. Bent
    IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2022
    2023 R&D 100 Award (PowerModelsONM)
  11. K.P. Schneider, H. Nagarajan, A. Pratt, M.J. Reno, B. Ollis, F. Tuffner, S.P. Nandanoori, S. Kundu, W. Du, H.L. Hijazi, R. Jain, F. Flores-Espino, J.C. Hambrick, D. Ton
    Technical report, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 2020
  12. A.K. Barnes, H. Nagarajan, E. Yamangil, R.W. Bent, S. Backhaus
    Electric Power Systems Research, 2019
    Presented at the 2018 Power Systems Computation Conference (PSCC), Dublin, Ireland
  13. G. Byeon, P. Van Hentenryck, R.W. Bent, H. Nagarajan
    INFORMS Journal on Computing, 2019
  14. S.K.K. Hari, K. Sundar, H. Nagarajan, R.W. Bent, S. Backhaus
    Power Systems Computation Conference (PSCC), Dublin, Ireland, 2018
  15. S. Mashayekh, M. Stadler, G. Cardoso, M. Heleno, S.C. Madathil, H. Nagarajan, R.W. Bent, M. Mueller-Stoffels, X. Lu, J. Wang
    IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2017
  16. S.C. Madathil, E. Yamangil, H. Nagarajan, A.K. Barnes, R.W. Bent, S. Backhaus, S.J. Mason, S. Mashayekh, M. Stadler
    IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2017
  17. H. Nagarajan, R.W. Bent, P. Van Hentenryck, S. Backhaus, E. Yamangil
    Technical report, 2017
  18. H. Nagarajan, E. Yamangil, R.W. Bent, S. Backhaus, P. Van Hentenryck
    Power Systems Computation Conference (PSCC), Genoa, Italy, 2016

Area 4 of 6

Networks, Control & Robotics

This line of work, which began with the doctoral research on robust communication networks for unmanned aerial vehicles, uses spectral graph theory and mixed-integer optimization to design networks that are robust by construction. It includes formulations and algorithms for maximizing algebraic connectivity, topology design for disturbance minimization and stability in power grids and manufacturing networks, robustness in robot localization, and string stability of heterogeneous vehicle platoons.

Selected publications

  1. N. Somisetty, H. Nagarajan, S. Darbha
    63rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC), Milan, Italy, 2024
  2. N. Somisetty, H. Nagarajan, S. Darbha
    IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems, 2024
  3. N. Somisetty, H. Nagarajan, S. Darbha
    26th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC), Bilbao, Spain, 2023
  4. S. Bhela, H. Nagarajan, D. Deka, V. Kekatos
    IEEE Control Systems Letters, 2021
    Also presented at the 60th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC), Austin, TX, December 2021
  5. H. Nagarajan, S. Rathinam, S. Darbha
    ASME Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement and Control, 2015
View all 16 publications in this area newest first
  1. S.R. Kazi, H. Nagarajan, H.L. Hijazi, P. Wozniak
    9th IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications (CCTA), San Diego, CA, 2025
  2. N. Somisetty, H. Nagarajan, S. Darbha
    63rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC), Milan, Italy, 2024
  3. N. Somisetty, H. Nagarajan, S. Darbha
    IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems, 2024
  4. N. Somisetty, H. Nagarajan, S. Darbha
    26th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC), Bilbao, Spain, 2023
  5. S. Bhela, H. Nagarajan, D. Deka, V. Kekatos
    IEEE Control Systems Letters, 2021
    Also presented at the 60th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC), Austin, TX, December 2021
  6. S. Bhela, D. Deka, H. Nagarajan, V. Kekatos
    American Control Conference (ACC), Philadelphia, PA, 2019
  7. D. Deka, H. Nagarajan, S. Backhaus
    American Control Conference (ACC), Seattle, WA, 2017
  8. H. Nagarajan, P.R. Pagilla, S. Darbha, R.W. Bent, P.P. Khargonekar
    American Control Conference (ACC), Seattle, WA, 2017
  9. H. Nagarajan, S. Rathinam, S. Darbha
    European Control Conference (ECC), 2015
  10. H. Nagarajan, S. Rathinam, S. Darbha
    ASME Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement and Control, 2015
  11. H. Nagarajan, P. Wei, S. Rathinam, D. Sun
    Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2013
  12. H. Nagarajan, S. Rathinam, S. Darbha
    ASME Dynamic Systems and Control Conference (DSCC), 2012
    Best Paper Award — Complex Networks track
  13. H. Nagarajan, S. Rathinam, S. Darbha, K.R. Rajagopal
    Dynamics of Information Systems: Mathematical Foundations, 2012
  14. H. Nagarajan, S. Rathinam, S. Darbha, K.R. Rajagopal
    American Control Conference (ACC), 2012
  15. H. Nagarajan, P. Wei, S. Rathinam, D. Sun
    5th International Conference on Research in Air Transportation (ICRAT), 2012
  16. H. Nagarajan, S. Rathinam, S. Darbha, K.R. Rajagopal
    Nonlinear Analysis: Real World Applications, 2012

Area 5 of 6

Quantum Computing

This work connects mathematical optimization and quantum computing in both directions. Mixed-integer programming enables provably optimal quantum circuit design, while hardware-aware encodings map constrained optimization problems efficiently to quantum devices. In the other direction, hybrid quantum–classical methods use quantum-generated candidate solutions within classical optimization algorithms, where classical subproblems evaluate candidates, enforce feasibility, and retain algorithmic guarantees. Related work benchmarks Ising processing units using integer programming.

View all 6 publications in this area newest first
  1. L.K. Lee, H. Nagarajan, T. Gerlach, S. Mucke, R. Krishnamoorthy, N. Piatkowski
    IEEE International Conference on Quantum Computing and Engineering (QCE), Quantum Algorithms Track, Toronto, ON, Canada, 2026
  2. R. Barrass, H. Nagarajan, C. Coffrin
    International Conference on the Integration of Constraint Programming, Artificial Intelligence, and Operations Research (CPAIOR), Melbourne, Australia, 2025
  3. E.R. Henderson, H. Nagarajan, C. Coffrin
    SC22: International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage, and Analysis (Workshop on Quantum Computing Software), 2022
  4. H. Nagarajan, O. Lockwood, C. Coffrin
    SC21: International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage, and Analysis (Workshop on Quantum Computing Software), 2021
  5. C. Coffrin, H. Nagarajan, R.W. Bent
    International Conference on the Integration of Constraint Programming, Artificial Intelligence, and Operations Research (CPAIOR), Thessaloniki, Greece, 2019

Area 6 of 6

Optimization & AI for Scientific Computing

The optimization methods developed here are not specific to energy. Early work used constrained convex optimization methods to enforce maximum principles and non-negativity in numerical solutions of diffusion equations on general computational grids. More recent collaborations combine two-level optimization with agentic AI workflows for molecule discovery and develop a universal research and scientific agent.

View all 4 publications in this area newest first
  1. S. Shivakumar, T.J. Summers, L.J. Augustine, M.G. Taylor, J. Lee, R. Somasundaram, S.R. Kazi, H. Nagarajan, N.W. Lemons, P. Yang, D. Perez, R.W. Bent
    2nd Workshop on Simulations for Biology and Chemistry, NeurIPS 2026, 2026
  2. M.J. Grosskopf, N. Debardeleben, R.W. Bent, R. Somasundaram, I. Michaud, A. Lui, W.D. Graham, G.A. Wimmer, S. Shivakumar, J. Vendrell Gallart, H. Nagarajan, E. Lawrence
    Journal of Open Source Software
    Under review since September 2026
  3. K.B. Nakshatrala, H. Nagarajan, M. Shabouei
    Communications in Computational Physics, 2016
  4. H. Nagarajan, K.B. Nakshatrala
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, 2010